2013年10月17日 06:49
來源：北京青年報

人參與條評論

今天是美國財政部設定的國債觸頂最后期限，北京時間今天凌晨消息，美國參院多數(shù)黨領(lǐng)袖里德和少數(shù)黨領(lǐng)袖麥康諾宣布，兩黨已就重開政府和提高國家債務上限達成協(xié)議。

新華社日前發(fā)表評論稱，現(xiàn)在也許是全球開始考慮建立“去美國化”世界的好時機，引發(fā)美國媒體關(guān)注。但白宮不愿正面回應，只強調(diào)有債必償是美國幾百年來的原則。

新華社13日發(fā)表題為《美國財政失靈證明應有一個“去美國化”世界》的社評。文章指出，美國的政治人物沒能達成妥協(xié)，讓政體恢復正常運轉(zhuǎn)，這也許是全球開始考慮建立去美國化世界的好時機。

新華社英文評論文章《美國的失敗將造就一個“去美國化”的世界》（Commentary: U.S. fiscal failure warrants a de-Americanized world）英文全文：

Commentary: U.S. fiscal failure warrants a de-Americanized world

By Xinhua writer Liu Chang

BEIJING, Oct. 13 (Xinhua) -- As U.S. politicians of both political parties are still shuffling back and forth between the White House and the Capitol Hill without striking a viable deal to bring normality to the body politic they brag about, it is perhaps a good time for the befuddled world to start considering building a de-Americanized world.

Emerging from the bloodshed of the Second World War as the world's most powerful nation, the United States has since then been trying to build a global empire by imposing a postwar world order, fueling recovery in Europe, and encouraging regime-change in nations that it deems hardly Washington-friendly.

With its seemingly unrivaled economic and military might, the United States has declared that it has vital national interests to protect in nearly every corner of the globe, and been habituated to meddling in the business of other countries and regions far away from its shores.

Meanwhile, the U.S. government has gone to all lengths to appear before the world as the one that claims the moral high ground, yet covertly doing things that are as audacious as torturing prisoners of war, slaying civilians in drone attacks, and spying on world leaders.

Under what is known as the Pax-Americana, we fail to see a world where the United States is helping to defuse violence and conflicts, reduce poor and displaced population, and bring about real, lasting peace.

Moreover, instead of honoring its duties as a responsible leading power, a self-serving Washington has abused its superpower status and introduced even more chaos into the world by shifting financial risks overseas, instigating regional tensions amid territorial disputes, and fighting unwarranted wars under the cover of outright lies.

As a result, the world is still crawling its way out of an economic disaster thanks to the voracious Wall Street elites, while bombings and killings have become virtually daily routines in Iraq years after Washington claimed it has liberated its people from tyrannical rule.

Most recently, the cyclical stagnation in Washington for a viable bipartisan solution over a federal budget and an approval for raising debt ceiling has again left many nations' tremendous dollar assets in jeopardy and the international community highly agonized.

Such alarming days when the destinies of others are in the hands of a hypocritical nation have to be terminated, and a new world order should be put in place, according to which all nations, big or small, poor or rich, can have their key interests respected and protected on an equal footing.

To that end, several corner stones should be laid to underpin a de-Americanized world.

For starters, all nations need to hew to the basic principles of the international law, including respect for sovereignty, and keeping hands off domestic affairs of others.

Furthermore, the authority of the United Nations in handling global hotspot issues has to be recognized. That means no one has the right to wage any form of military action against others without a UN mandate.

Apart from that, the world's financial system also has to embrace some substantial reforms.

The developing and emerging market economies need to have more say in major international financial institutions including the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, so that they could better reflect the transformations of the global economic and political landscape.

What may also be included as a key part of an effective reform is the introduction of a new international reserve currency that is to be created to replace the dominant U.S. dollar, so that the international community could permanently stay away from the spillover of the intensifying domestic political turmoil in the United States.

Of course, the purpose of promoting these changes is not to completely toss the United States aside, which is also impossible. Rather, it is to encourage Washington to play a much more constructive role in addressing global affairs.

And among all options, it is suggested that the beltway politicians first begin with ending the pernicious impasse.

美國回應：重要的事實是美國的完全信用

對此，《華盛頓郵報》等美國主流媒體都紛紛進行報道，而白宮發(fā)言人卡尼在15日也被記者問到“想對中國人傳達什么信息”?？岜硎荆骸拔覍τ谌魏翁囟▏覜]有什么信息。我只想說，重要的事實是美國的完全信用，包括償還來自全球的投資者，美國幾百年來準時償債的原則不應被損害?！?/p>

文章指出，從二次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束時起，美國就在打造戰(zhàn)后世界的秩序，推動歐洲復蘇，并將金融風險轉(zhuǎn)移到海外。文章稱，拜貪婪的華爾街精英所賜，全球依然未能走出經(jīng)濟災難的困境。

文章呼吁，“應該建立一種新的世界秩序。所有國家無論大小，無分貧富，都能在平等的基礎上得到保護，他們的重要利益都會得到尊重。最終應該建起一個去美國化的世界?！?/p>

文章認為，全球金融系統(tǒng)也必須進行一些重大的改革。發(fā)展中經(jīng)濟體與新興市場經(jīng)濟體需要在IMF、世界銀行等大型國際金融機構(gòu)獲得更多的話語權(quán)。另一種行之有效的關(guān)鍵改革步驟可能是：引進一種新的國際儲備貨幣，用它替代占主導地位的美元。這樣一來，國際社會就可能永遠免受國內(nèi)政治混亂激化產(chǎn)生的溢出效應影響。

文章最后提到，推動這些變革的目的并非完全將美國拋在一邊，這也是不可能的。相反，要鼓勵美國政界在處理全球事務時發(fā)揮更有建設性的作用。當然，目前美國政客首先要結(jié)束有害的財政僵局。

中國是美國國債最大的海外持有者，美國財政部數(shù)據(jù)顯示，截至今年7月，中國持有1.27773萬億美元的美國國債。

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